1. Owned homes are the main store of household wealth in most countries

Composition of household assets by category, 2019 or latest available year

Source: OECD (2022), Housing Taxation in OECD Countries


  1. Tenure structure differs considerably across countries

Composition of households by tenure arrangement, 2020 or latest available year

Source: OECD Affordable Housing database


  1. Homeownership increases with income

Proportion of households in the considered income quintile that own their homes, 2020 or latest available year

Source: OECD Affordable Housing database


  1. Homeownership increases with age

Homeownership rate by age, 2019 or latest available year

Source: Van Hoenselaar et al. (2021), Mortgage finance across OECD countries


  1. Mortgage holding rises with income

Proportion of mortgage borrowers by income quintile, 2020 or latest available year

Source: OECD Affordable Housing Database


  1. Average household debt service ratios vary considerably across countries

Ratio of debt service payments to household income

Source: OECD (2022), Housing Taxation in OECD Countries


  1. Mortgage loans represent the largest component of household debt

Total household and mortgage debt, share of GDP

Source: OECD Analytical Database


  1. Many countries offer favourable tax treatment to housing investment

The composition of marginal effective tax rates, debt-financed housing, 2016

Source: Millar-Powell, B., et al. (2022), Measuring effective taxation of housing : Building the foundations for policy reform


  1. Recurrent taxes on immovable property are underutilised in most countries

Share of property taxes in total tax revenues

Source: Revenue Statistics Database